![]() ![]() 1967 Curran and Jones 1977 Korsrud and Brandtzaeg 1980 Nieuwenhuis and Opstelten 1984 Arpin et al. PCs have been known as regular and potentially abundant constituents of secondary follicles in human tonsils and in the lymphatic organs of experimental animals for about 50 years (Lennert et al. We speculate that these cells tend to downmodulate CD20 and activation-induced deaminase and further up-regulate CD30 when developing into pre-plasmablasts. The surface of the dark zone may also be an exit site for Ki-67 +CD30 + B lymphoblasts, which seed perifollicular and extrafollicular sites. This guarantees an even distribution of secreted Ig for exchange with immune complexes on FDCs. Newly formed PCs might migrate from the basal to the superficial part of the light zone and then back to the dark zone surface to leave the GC. ![]() In certain GCs PCs accumulated around capillaries and the adjacent perikarya of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Only a few Ki-67 + plasmablasts, predominantly icIgG + or icIgM +, were found inside GCs. The vast majority of GC PCs were negative for Ki-67. The latter cells were often continuous with PCs in the extrafollicular area. In addition, rows of PCs occurred at the surface of the GC bordering the mantle zone, i.e., in the outer zone, and at the surface of the dark zone. They often accumulated in the basal light zone, but could also be found scattered in the entire light zone. Most PCs in GCs were strongly positive for CD38, CD138, CD27, IRF4, and intracellular (ic) IgG. ![]() We analysed the location, phenotype, and proliferation of GC PCs by immunohistology comparing them to PCs in the other two locations. Plasma cells (PCs) in human palatine tonsils are predominantly located in the germinal centres (GCs), in the subepithelial space and near the deep connective tissue septa surrounding each crypt. ![]()
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